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排序方式: 共有199条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
Utilization of red mud as catalyst in conversion of waste oil and waste plastics to fuel 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
A. Ihsan?Cakici Jale?YanikEmail author Suat?U?ar Tamer?Karayildirim Huseyin?Anil 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2004,6(1):20-26
The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities of using a by-product (red mud) from alumina production as a catalyst for recovery of waste. The conversion of waste mineral oil (WMO) and waste mineral oil/municipal waste plastic (WMO/MWP) blends over red mud (RM), a commercial hydrocracking catalyst (silica–alumina), and a commercial hydrotreating catalyst (Ni–Mo/alumina) to fuel has been studied. The effect of the catalyst and the temperature on the product distribution (gas, liquid, and wax) and the properties of liquid products were investigated. In the case of hydrotreatment of WMO, the liquids obtained over RM at both 400° and 425°C had larger amounts of low-boiling hydrocarbons than that of thermal or catalytic treatment with hydrotreating catalyst. Gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the liquid products showed that RM had hydrogenation and cracking activity in hydrotreatment of WMO. In coprocessing of WMO with municipal waste plastics, temperature had an important effect as well as the amount of MWP in the blend and the catalyst type. The hydrocracking at 400°C produced no liquid product. In hydrocracking at 425°C, the product distribution varied with catalyst type and MWP amount. The commercial hydrocracking catalyst had more cracking ability in the conversion of WMO/MWP to liquid and gas fuel than RM. In the case of hydrocracking over RM, the largest amount of liquid having satisfactory quality was obtained only from the blend containing 20% MWP. 相似文献
22.
This paper discusses the REAP1 model and its application for the analysis of CO2 reduction and waste management policies for Japanese petrochemicals. The pros and cons of this modelling approach in comparison to other tools is elaborated. This is followed by a discussion of the model code and the modelling results. The results show that CO2 policies can have significant impacts on waste flows and waste policies can have significant CO2 benefits. As a consequence both effects must be considered in policy assessment. Pricing instruments are recommended instead of regulations because of the complex physical relations in the materials life cycle that extend beyond sector boundaries. A taxation approach is superior to a subsidy approach because rebound effects can be avoided. 相似文献
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25.
Waste plastics recycling by an entrained-flow gasifier 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Takatoshi Shoji Kenjiro Shindoh Hironori Ozaki Atsushi Sodeyama 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2001,3(2):75-81
We studied an entrained-flow gasification process which efficiently converts waste plastics to energy at a high energy recovery
rate. Waste plastics, after being shredded to <8 mm or <14 mm, were fed into an entrained-flow gasifier with air and oxygen.
In the gasifier, organic substances were pyrolyzed, partially combusted, and then converted into synthetic gas (CO, H2) at a high temperature (over 1600 K). The clarified gasification characteristics were that the lower heat value (LHV) of
the product gas was over 4.2 MJ/Nm3 and the cold gas efficiency was approximately 60%. Other inert substances in the wastes such as ashes and metals were melted
into slag and condensed on bag filters. The bag filters and a water scrubber removed impurities such as dusts, heavy metals,
and hydrogen halides from the product gases. Solid hydrocarbons, which include char and soot, were removed at a hot cyclone
and on the bag filters.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: October 3, 2000 相似文献
26.
Anthony L. Andrady Jan E. Pegram Shuji Nakatsuka 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1993,1(1):31-43
Studies on three types of enhanced photodegradable polyethylenes showed tensile elongation at break to be a suitable parameter for assessing disintegration due to outdoor weathering. Disintegration rates varied greatly with exposure location, with Arizona the harshest environment and Washington and New Jersey the mildest. The rate of breakdown of the enhanced degradable polyethylenes relative to unmodified plastic was termed an enhancement factor. For the materials studied, average enhancement factors generally ranged from five to fifteen. The location-dependent variability in rate parameters can be mostly explained in terms of different average radiation levels and temperatures at these locations. A duplicate exposure protocol was developed to determine if the test data were complicated by short-term fluctuations in sunlight or temperature during exposure. 相似文献
27.
以某再生资源公司的废旧电脑拆解为案例进行研究,介绍了工艺技术、拆解回收各种资源的数据。研究结果表明,我国废旧电脑人工拆解-破碎-冶炼相结合的工艺,是电子废弃物循环利用、资源高效回收、减少环境风险的较好工艺技术,符合固废处理的3R(替代、减少、优化)原则。 相似文献
28.
报废汽车内饰件塑料品种复杂、难以分选,为此,以分离汽车内饰件中4种主体塑料——PP(聚丙烯)、ABS(丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯)、PC(聚碳酸酯)、PVC(聚氯乙烯)为目标,利用实验室自制浮选设备,考察了浮选液流量、溶气罐压力、润湿液浓度等因素对浮选效果的影响. 结果表明:当溶气罐压力为0.22 MPa、浮选液流量为10 L/min、润湿液中ρ(单宁酸)为15 mg/L时,一级浮选PP、ABS、PC、PVC效果达到最佳,其中PP和ABS为上浮料,二者上浮率分别为100%和98.63%;PC和PVC为下沉料,二者下沉率分别为98.95%和100%. 当溶气罐压力为0 MPa、浮选液流量为6 L/min、润湿液中ρ(单宁酸)为10 mg/L时,二级浮选完全分离PP/ABS;当溶气罐压力为0.24 MPa、浮选液流量为10 L/min、润湿液采用10 mg/L单宁酸和10 mmol/L癸二酸二丁酯时,二级浮选分离PC/PVC效果达到最佳,PC上浮率为92.87%,PVC下沉率为91.41%. 通过二级浮选分离,PP、ABS、PC、PVC的最终分离率分别达到100%、98.63%、92.87%和91.41%,显示出该二级浮选工艺在报废汽车内饰件塑料分选方面具有较为广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
29.
聚丙烯以其优异的机械性能、高的性价比和多重改性方式成为重要的通用树脂之一,这些产品废弃后产生了种类繁多和数量巨大的再生聚丙烯。通过将再生聚丙烯根据性能和来源进行分类,然后分类阐述各再生聚丙烯物料特点,结合再生聚丙烯改性方式,为高质化应用提出方向。 相似文献
30.
塑料浮选作为一种基于表面活性剂的废旧塑料分选技术,是解决废旧塑料环境污染的有效方法. 为深入考察塑料浮选过程中气泡的黏附行为及影响因素,运用高速摄影技术结合气泡黏附时间模型,对比分析纯水中气泡与亲/疏水材料的黏附效果,重点比较不同溶液〔纯水、鼠李糖脂和SDS(十二烷基硫酸钠)溶液〕中气泡与疏水材料的黏附时间变化,并探讨其影响机制. 结果表明:气泡在纯水中只与疏水材料发生黏附,表面活性剂及其浓度对气泡与疏水材料的黏附时间影响显著. 在c(鼠李糖脂)和c(SDS)(二者均为0.03 mmol/L)均较低的溶液中,气泡与疏水材料的黏附时间由纯水中的158 ms分别降至120和140 ms,而二者较高(10.00 mmol/L)时黏附时间分别增至1 134和338 ms. 基于黏附时间模型分析表明,黏附时间是气泡尺寸、接触角、溶液黏度及表面张力等参数的函数,通过控制这些参数可以调控气泡在目标塑料表面的黏附时间,实现浮选效率的优化. 相似文献